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Popular Art
Are in Romania such Objects which are representative as
regards the culture and civilization of the ethnic groups living on Romanian
territory: Hungarian, Saxons, Swabians, Szekler, Turks, Tartars, Lippovans,
Ukrainians etc. This centuries'long coexistence favored certain interference's
as regards both the objects for general use and the religious holidays
and even religion itself. As regards the ceramic objects shaped in the
pottery centers in Transylvania, it has been noticed that certain motifs
became, in the course of time, part of the common treasure. Thus, the
tulip an ornament of Saxon origin, has been taken over and used rather
frequently with its specific chromatics by the Hungarian and, later on,
by the Romanian potters in the Tihanul Nou area. The star motif is telling
example: always placed in the central part of the ceramic pot, it has
been borrowed by the Hungarians from the town of
Turda. Preserves the Hungarian are pillow cases made of cotton or hemp
fabric, the naturalistic and floral ornaments (the tulip) prevailing,
rendered in vivid colors. We should also mention the Szekler carpets,
the geometrical decoration of which (like water waves), traced in broken
lines, covers the entire surface of the object, reminding of the old carpets
woven in the country of Maramures. There are certain special necklaces
which the young girls in the counties of Bihor and Maramures are very
fond of, and which used to be made by Slovakian artisans but are equally
worn by the Romanians as well as by the members of other ethnic groups,
the same as in the case of other types of ornaments (such as coins necklaces
and the rows of beads). In the villages with a heterogeneous population,
originating from different regions of Romania, the centuries'long coexistence
has brought about numerous mutual influences.
Mariana Lazar,8th grade A
Eforie Nord School, Romania
Coordinator Iuliana Neacsu-Romanian Teacher
BV: Folk art 3
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Peasant Adornments
Initially, adornments had mainly a symbolic magic function, being worn
by the ancient communities members as lucky charms, to provide people
heat, good luck and prosperity. These conceptions changed in time and
thus, adornments preserved only their aesthetic function.
There are head adornments, as well as adornments for the neck, the chest,
the belt, for the arms and even for the feet and legs( spurs, bells, polychrome
tassels on the dancer's costumes). There are, undoubtedly, other criteria
of classification: adornments specific one's age, sex or
to certain ethnic groups, or adornments marking the social differences
(the head coin ornament in Banat and the precious necklace in Maramures),
adornments for daily wear, for holidays or for special ceremonies (the
bride necklace parure in Oas, the bride necklace in Bihor, the "wheel"
hat in Bistrita-Nasaud and the wedding scarf in Bucovina. >From the
flower picked up in the garden to adorn one girl's hair to objects
made of precious metals, from the mere punching and hanging of some pebbles,
shells, a.s.o, to engraving, fretting, filigree, the Romanian peasant's
preferences and imagination developed through centuries, from generation
to generation. the adornment piece is not just another object used as
an accessory to the already existing ones, but a real component
of the folk costume expressing a certain feature of the soul.
Cristina Tabuica, 8th grade A
Eforie Nord School-Romania
Coordinator Iuliana Neacsu-Romanian teacher
iulianan@efnord.lefo.ro
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